WHITE RUSSIAN RC5
-----------------
(commentary by mbm)
Alert the media! the fifth release candidate for White Russian has
been posted. White Russian is the codename for the stable branch
of OpenWrt, in preparation for a 1.0 release.
What!? this isn't even 1.0?!
Well, this is actually something more like 7.0 if you count the
number of previous releases, but we refuse to call it 1.0 yet
-- we're perfectionists, and damned proud of it.
What the heck is with all these directories?
As of RC4, WhiteRussian now ships in several variations, each with
a slightly different set of packages installed by default. You're
still free to add whatever packages you want, but this will save
you from manually installing some common packages immediately after
reflashing.
micro/
The least amount of packages required for a functional system;
there isn't even a web interface.
bin/ (aka default)
Standard image (web interface, pppoe)
pptp/
Standard image (web interface, pptp)
Ok, that explains the directories, now what the hell are the files?
There's two types of files, the "trx" files and the "bin"
files; the bin files simply repackage the trx in the vendor's
default firmware format and are only used when the trx file
can't be used directly.
openwrt-brcm-2.4-.trx
This is a generic firmware for any broadcom cpu supported
by the whiterussian release. This is the firmware in raw
format, exactly as it will be written to the flash.
Not all devices will let you use this raw format, some
will require extra information provided by the bin files
below.
This file can be used for the following:
- Upgrading any existing OpenWrt install (mtd util)
- Asus WL500g
- Asus WL500gx
- Buffalo Airstation WBR2-G54S
- ...
openwrt-wrt54g-.bin
openwrt-wrt54gs-.bin
openwrt-wrt54gs_v4-.bin
openwrt-wrtsl54gs-.bin
This is the exact same as the trx file above, with one
exception -- a small header has been added to the start
of the file, marking it as a valid upgrade for Linksys
models. Supported models:
openwrt-wrt54g-.bin
- WRT54G (v1.0, v1.1, v2.0, v2.2, v3.0, v4.0)
- WRT54GL
openwrt-wrt54gs-.bin
- WRT54GS (v1.0, v1.1, v2.0, v3.0)
openwrt-wrt54gs_v4-.bin
- WRT54GS (v4.0)
openwrt-wrt54g3g-.bin
- Linksys WRT54G3G
openwrt-wrtsl54gs-.bin
- Linksys WRTSL54GS
openwrt-wa840g-.bin
openwrt-we800g-.bin
openwrt-wr850g-.bin
This is also a trx file, but with a Motorola header
added to the start of the file, making it a valid
firmware file for a Motorola device.
Gah! that's a ton of files, what's with the ""?
OpenWrt gives you your choice of root filesystems; you can either
have the root filesystem as Squashfs or JFFS2, I'll explain both.
If you don't understand, or can't decide, pick Squashfs.
Squashfs
The files marked squashfs include a small compressed filesystem
within the firmware itself. The disadvantage is that Squashfs is
a readonly filesystem, so a separate JFFS2 partition has to be
used to store changes and make the filesystem appear writable;
the advantage is that Squashfs gets better compression than
JFFS2, and you'll always have the original files on the readonly
filesystem which can be used as a boot device for recovery.
JFFS2
The files marked JFFS2 make the entire filesystem JFFS2. The
disadvantage is that this takes slightly more space; the
advantage is that changes to included files nolonger leaves
behind an old copy on the readonly filesystem.
*** NOTE: The JFFS2 firmware uses an extra setup step ***
*** which requires an ADDITIONAL REBOOT before ***
*** the filesystem can be used. ***
The "4M" and "8M" in the filename indicate the flash type,
either a 64k erase block or a 128k erase block respectively.
In most cases, this means that a 4 megabyte flash chip will
use the "4M" version.
Upgrading from a previous OpenWrt install
Backup /etc changes and package list:
Before you upgrade, please consider making a backup of your /etc
directory and then write down the list of packages installed.
As of RC4, reflashing with OpenWrt -WILL RESET THE FILESYSTEM-.
All the changes you've made to the configuration files and all
the packages you've been installed will be purged and replaced
with the new firmware.
NVRAM is NOT modified by a reflash. Any NVRAM values will remain
intact after reflashing.
Backing up the old OpenWrt as a firmware image:
To backup an existing openwrt install, use the command:
dd if=/dev/mtdblock/1 of=/tmp/firmware.trx
This will produce a pseudo-trx file containing the firmware (trx)
followed by a dump of the JFFS2 filesystem -- basically everything
except the bootloader and NVRAM. Copy this to a safe place and
only restore it to a device with the same size flash chip.
Upgrading / Restoring:
To reflash from within openwrt you will need to use a trx file:
mtd -r write firmware.trx linux
The "-r" will force an automatic reboot after the reflashing. You
can also add a "-e linux" to erase the previous firmware, but this
is rarely needed. |
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